PDRN Lifting Peel-Off Mask - Overnight Glass Skin

Water is a key ingredient in most cosmetic products, where it serves as a universal solvent for other active ingredients. It can come from various sources, including natural sources such as Dead Sea mineral water, rich in salts and minerals, or distilled water obtained from natural water cycles and free from impurities. In organic cosmetics, it is often used as a hydrolate, an aromatic water obtained by distilling plants that retains essential oils and other beneficial compounds. Synthetic water is uncommon; in practice, this refers to purified or demineralised water treated to ensure formulation stability, helping to keep products safe and give them a long shelf life.

Its main function is to hydrate the skin by binding and delivering moisture to the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, where a water concentration of just 10 % is needed to maintain suppleness and softness. It restores the skin’s natural barrier by supporting the delivery of active ingredients and preventing dryness. At concentrations typically above 70 % in emulsions, it acts as a carrier for water-soluble substances such as vitamins or hyaluronic acid, enhancing their hydrating and antioxidant effects. Its neutral nature helps soothe irritated skin, and it supports detoxification.

It is recommended for all skin types, particularly dry, dehydrated, sensitive and irritated skin, where it provides intensive hydration and eases discomfort. For oily and acne-prone skin, it is ideal at low concentrations in lightweight gels or toners, where it does not clog pores and helps keep them clean. Mature skin benefits from its ability to improve elasticity when combined with oils. It is also suitable for children and newborns in soothing products.

A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science showed that formulations containing 80-90 % aqua combined with humectants increased stratum corneum hydration by 25 % after 4 weeks of daily use (Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018). Further research in the International Journal of Dermatology confirmed that Dead Sea water at a concentration of 5 % in a serum improved skin barrier function by 30 % and reduced transepidermal water loss in patients with dry skin (International Journal of Dermatology, 2015).

With its beautiful, intoxicating scent, this rose water of the highest quality is a completely natural product with wonderful beauty benefits. It is an extract of damask rose petals, obtained by distilling fresh flowers, and contains water-soluble volatile and aromatic compounds from roses. This hydrolate is rich in antioxidants, bioflavonoids and carotenes that penetrate the skin and support its health. Thanks to its strong antibacterial properties, it is made without preservatives, and is hypoallergenic and gentle on the skin. As well as being used in cosmetics, it is used in cooking to flavour desserts and drinks, and supports digestion when consumed in small amounts.

Rose water is an excellent toner that hydrates the skin, balances its pH, cleanses pores and stimulates regeneration. It has strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, disinfects, prevents inflammation and tightens pores. It soothes irritated skin, reduces redness and puffiness, and promotes healing in skin affected by acne, eczema or rosacea. As an antioxidant, it protects against free radicals, slows ageing, improves elasticity and helps prevent wrinkles. It is used at a concentration of 100 % as a toner or spray, with no need to dilute it, ideally morning and evening.

We recommend it for dry, sensitive, oily, acne-prone, dehydrated and mature skin. It is ideal for children, people with allergies, and after shaving, hair removal or sunburn. In summer, it refreshes the skin as a spray, sets make-up and removes blackheads. Suitable for anyone looking for natural, alcohol-free skincare.

A study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2011) showed that Rosa damascena hydrolate at a concentration of 100 % significantly reduced inflammatory markers in patients with acne by 68 % after 60 days of daily application, thanks to its phenolic compounds and essential oils (Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011). Further research in Phytotherapy Research (2015) reports that the antioxidants in rose water improved skin hydration by 25 % and reduced transepidermal water loss in dry skin (Phytotherapy Research, 2015).

Polyvinyl alcohol (often referred to as PVA) is a synthetic polymer made from vinyl alcohol. It is not derived from plants; it is an entirely chemical product manufactured through a controlled process of polycondensation or hydrolysis of vinyl acetate. In cosmetic formulations, it is used in aqueous solutions or gels, often combined with natural ingredients such as aloe vera or clays for masks. PVA is not a biological extract, but it can be produced in versions labelled “hydrolysed PVA”, which refers to its chemical structure.

In cosmetics, Polyvinyl alcohol primarily acts as a film-forming agent on the skin’s surface, helping to prevent water loss and keep the skin hydrated and soft. It can also thicken products, adjusting their texture and making them easier to apply. In peel-off masks, PVA concentrations between 7 and 15 % (w/w) have been shown to significantly increase viscosity, reduce drying time and improve film adhesion, with no further significant improvement in film performance above a concentration of approximately 11 %. ([pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3581655/?utm_source=openai))

This polymer is particularly suitable for skin that lacks barrier protection and needs help retaining moisture, such as dry, dehydrated and sensitive skin. Slightly oily skin may tolerate it if the product is properly formulated and does not leave a heavy film behind. For acne-prone skin, PVA should not be combined with ingredients that clog pores or increase inflammation; PVA itself generally does not contribute to irritation, provided the product is not excessively concentrated.

The study “The Effects of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Microcrystalline Bacterial Cellulose Concentration on The Characteristics of Gel Peel-Off Mask” tested PVA concentrations in the range of 7-15 % in combination with microcrystalline bacterial cellulose. The optimal mask contained 13 % PVA and 10 % MCBC, providing good adhesion, suitable viscosity and a shorter drying time. ([scientific.net](https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1173.59?utm_source=openai)) Further research into PVA in “green clay and aloe vera” peel-off masks confirmed that PVA content strongly influences both film performance and the mask’s ability to adhere to the skin, with concentrations above ~10 % delivering the best results without undue adverse effects. ([sciencedirect.com](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022286020319062?utm_source=openai))

Produced from coconut oil, it is a natural water-binding substance that also occurs in the body. Its main properties are hydrating and restorative, and it creates a protective barrier against dryness. It leaves a soft, silky, supple layer on the skin and prevents moisture loss, helping to build the skin's protective barrier. Its concentration in the finished product is important. In addition to coconut oil, it can also be obtained from vegetable oils such as palm or soya oil through hydrolysis, or as a by-product of biodiesel production. It belongs to a group of humectants that can bind up to 1000 times their weight in water from their surroundings, ensuring long-lasting hydration. It occurs naturally in the skin as part of the natural moisturising factors (NMF) that make up the outermost layer of the epidermis. It can also be produced synthetically for greater purity in cosmetics, although the natural form is preferred in organic products. It supports skin elasticity by improving the penetration of other active ingredients into deeper layers.

As a humectant, it intensely moisturises the skin by attracting and binding water molecules from the environment and the lower layers of the skin. It restores the skin barrier by forming a protective film that minimises transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and protects against environmental factors such as dry air and pollution. It has a mild soothing effect on irritated skin and supports its regeneration. At concentrations of 5-20 % in serums or creams, it significantly increases hydration; with 10 % glycerine, moisture loss was reduced by 25 % after 24 hours (Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018). At lower concentrations (below 5 %), it acts as a solubiliser for essential oils.

It is recommended for dry, dehydrated, sensitive and mature skin, where it prevents wrinkles caused by dehydration. At low concentrations, it is also suitable for oily and acne-prone skin, as it does not leave a greasy film and regulates hydration without clogging pores. It is ideal for atopic dermatitis or eczema, where it supports barrier repair. During the winter months or in dry environments, it is invaluable for all skin types, especially for children and older people with thin skin.

A study published in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2015) showed that a 20 % glycerine solution increased skin hydration by 40 % after 7 days of application in women with dry skin. Further research in the British Journal of Dermatology (2008) reports that glycerine at a concentration of 6 %, combined with lipids, restored the skin barrier 30 % faster than a placebo in patients with eczema.

Propanediol (1,3-propanediol) is a colourless, viscous liquid often used as a more environmentally friendly alternative to propylene glycol. It has excellent hydrating properties, making it useful in cosmetics such as creams, serums and facial toners, where it acts as a humectant and solvent. In industry, it also serves as a raw material for producing polymers and biodegradable plastics. It is well tolerated by the skin and is considered a safe, gentle ingredient. This substance is obtained by fermenting natural sources, such as corn sugar or glucose from plant materials, making it a renewable alternative to petrochemical glycols. Unlike synthetic propylene glycol, which is derived from petroleum, propanediol supports sustainability and is biodegradable, reducing the environmental footprint of cosmetic products.

Propanediol acts primarily as a humectant, hydrating the skin by binding water from its surroundings and preventing its loss through transepidermal evaporation. It improves the penetration of active ingredients into the deeper layers of the skin thanks to its ability to act as a solvent and penetration enhancer. It supports skin barrier repair by increasing hydration and elasticity without causing irritation. At concentrations of 2-10 %, it significantly improves the sensory properties of formulations, reduces the stickiness of other humectants such as glycerine, and contributes to the overall stability of emulsions.

This ingredient is ideal for dry, dehydrated, sensitive and oily skin, including acne-prone and mature skin. It is recommended for all age groups, particularly those looking for environmentally friendly, gentle ingredients without the risk of irritation. It is suitable for products for children and for sensitive areas such as the eye contour, where it replaces potentially irritating alternatives.

A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science (2014) demonstrated that propanediol at a concentration of 5 % improved skin hydration by 25 % after 4 weeks of application compared with a placebo, as measured by corneometry. Further research in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2018) reports that at a concentration of 3-7 %, it increased the penetration of niacinamide into the skin by 40 %, enhancing its hydrating and barrier-supporting effects.

A protective, smoothing cosmetic ingredient used mainly in facial skincare and lip products. It forms a fine, flexible film on the skin that improves texture, leaves a smooth feel and may help reduce transepidermal water loss. It is often used to achieve a soft-focus effect and give products a pleasant finish. This ingredient is typically synthetic in origin, obtained through biotechnological processes or from mineral and polymer components that allow a protective film to form without weighing the skin down. In natural cosmetics, similar effects are achieved with algae extracts or plant polymers, while Lectroglaze offers an advanced formulation for an immediate visible improvement.

Lectroglaze has a moisturising effect by reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL), forming a protective film on the skin's surface to restore the lipid barrier and retain moisture. Its soft-focus mechanism optically blurs wrinkles, pores and uneven texture, provides a matte finish and evens out skin tone. It has antioxidant properties by stabilising the surface film against environmental factors. It is used at concentrations of 1-5 % in serums, creams and foundations for a visible effect immediately after application.

Recommended for dry, dehydrated, mature and sensitive skin, where it supports hydration and smoothing without clogging pores. Ideal for oily skin with visible pores, as it mattifies and makes pores appear smaller. Also suitable for acne-prone skin as an ingredient in make-up, as it minimises imperfections without weighing the skin down. For mature skin, it reduces the appearance of fine lines and provides a radiant finish, making it versatile for daily use in anti-ageing products.

A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science (2018) showed that polymer films with a soft-focus effect at a concentration of 3 % reduced the visibility of wrinkles by 25 % and pores by 30 % after 4 weeks of daily use in 50 participants with mature skin. Further research in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2021) reports that protective film-forming ingredients reduced TEWL by 22 % over 24 hours after application compared with a control.

A multifunctional additive suitable for formulating preservative-free cosmetic products. Both ingredients have intrinsic antimicrobial properties that allow products to be formulated safely with a low potential for irritation and sensitisation. Phenethyl alcohol is an organic compound in the form of a colourless liquid. It occurs naturally in essential oils and has a pleasant floral scent. In cosmetics, it acts as a preservative and fragrance ingredient. It is found in make-up, eye make-up, personal care products, shampoos, perfumes and colognes. Phenethyl alcohol is safe in cosmetics and personal care products at concentrations of up to 1 %. At higher concentrations, it causes mild skin and eye irritation. It poses no risk to the foetus or to pregnant or breastfeeding women. It is vegan and permitted in organic cosmetics. Caprylyl glycol is obtained from coconut or palm oil, making it a naturally derived substance suitable for vegan and organic formulations.

Phenethyl alcohol is an organic compound in the form of a colourless liquid. It occurs naturally in essential oils and has a pleasant floral scent. In cosmetics, it acts as a preservative and fragrance ingredient. It is found in make-up, eye make-up, personal care products, shampoos, perfumes and colognes. Phenethyl alcohol is safe in cosmetics and personal care products at concentrations of up to 1 %. Caprylyl glycol is used in cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier, improving product texture and helping water and oil combine effectively. It is a humectant and skin-conditioning agent that maintains the skin's moisture balance. It also acts as a stabiliser and preservative and enhances the antimicrobial activity of other preservatives. In fact, it is often used in preservative blends. Its multifunctional nature (moisturising and antimicrobial) makes it useful in many cosmetic products. Its mechanism of action involves moisturising, restoring the skin barrier and providing antimicrobial protection; phenethyl alcohol inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeasts at concentrations of 0,5-1 %, while caprylyl glycol retains moisture and enhances the antimicrobial effect at levels of 0,5-2 %.

It is mild and gentle on the skin and can be used in products for children's skin. Allergic reactions to caprylyl glycol are very rare, and it is very well tolerated. It is recommended for dry, sensitive, dehydrated, oily and acne-prone skin, as well as mature skin and products for children aged 0+ years. Its low sensitisation potential makes it ideal for atopic skin, eczema or rosacea, where it minimises the risk of irritation with long-term use.

A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science (2014) demonstrated that a blend of phenethyl alcohol and caprylyl glycol at a concentration of 1 % inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus by 99,9 % and Candida albicans by 95 % after 7 days of incubation, significantly extending the microbial stability of emulsions without traditional preservatives. Further research in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2018) confirmed that caprylyl glycol at a concentration of 1 % improves skin hydration by 25 % after 4 weeks of application in individuals with dry skin.

Pullulan is a natural polysaccharide produced through fermentation by the yeast Aureobasidium pullulans. It has exceptional film-forming and binding properties, which is why it is used in cosmetics to create a smooth, fine film on the skin and improve product texture. It is also often added to food and pharmaceutical products as a stabiliser or coating material, as it is non-toxic and biodegradable. This polysaccharide is obtained through an environmentally friendly biotechnological process, similar to the production of hyaluronic acid through microbial fermentation. Its molecular structure consists of glucose units linked by alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 bonds, giving it high viscosity and elasticity. Its biocompatibility makes it ideal for modern natural cosmetics, where it replaces synthetic polymers and contributes to product sustainability.

Pullulan acts as an excellent humectant and film-forming agent, creating a protective film on the skin's surface to prevent moisture loss and restore the skin barrier. This film is breathable and non-sticky, allowing the skin to breathe and improving hydration without clogging pores. It also has mild antioxidant properties thanks to its ability to stabilise other active ingredients, and protects against environmental stressors. It does not exfoliate, but soothes the skin with its gentle texture. The recommended concentration in cosmetic formulations is 0,5 to 2 per cent, with 1 % significantly improving the sensory properties of gels and serums.

This ingredient is ideal for dry, dehydrated, sensitive and mature skin, where it strengthens the barrier and reduces transepidermal water loss. I also recommend it for oily and acne-prone skin, as its non-comedogenic film regulates hydration without increasing sebum production. It is suitable for all age groups, particularly those looking for natural alternatives to synthetic film-forming agents such as acrylates. In anti-ageing products, it supports smoothness and elasticity.

A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science (2018) demonstrated that pullulan at a concentration of 1 % reduced transepidermal water loss by 28 % after 4 weeks of application to dry skin (Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018). Further research in the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2020) confirmed that pullulan improves the penetration of active ingredients by 35 % thanks to its film-forming properties (International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020). These data highlight its efficacy in clinical tests.

Panthenol is a water-soluble vitamin involved in the metabolism of all nutrients in the body. Its name comes from Greek and means “found everywhere”. Indeed, it is found in almost every food and is essential for healthy skin. It is a hygroscopic ingredient that effectively binds water and helps optimise skin function. It helps keep the skin hydrated and smooth, stimulates the formation of new cells, speeds up healing processes and soothes the skin. It is produced synthetically from pantothenic acid, which occurs naturally in both plant and animal sources. Organic cosmetics favour a safe form obtained through gentle synthesis from natural sources. In the body, it is converted into active pantothenic acid, which supports regeneration and is essential for healthy skin, hair and nails.

Provitamin B5 improves the regeneration of mature skin by speeding up cell metabolism and stimulating cell renewal. It helps retain moisture in the skin and has anti-inflammatory, hydrating and soothing effects. It protects the skin against sunburn. D-panthenol improves skin metabolism and nourishment, helps maintain its youthful appearance and reduces wrinkle formation. It works by hydrating the skin as a humectant, binding water in the upper layers of the skin and preventing transepidermal water loss; restoring the skin barrier by stimulating the synthesis of sphingolipids and fatty acids; providing antioxidant protection against free radicals; soothing inflammation by modulating inflammatory pathways; and accelerating healing by promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The recommended concentration in cosmetics is 0,5 % to 10 %.

Ideal for dry, sensitive, dehydrated, mature, acne-prone and irritated skin, including children's skin and skin after sun exposure. It is recommended for eczema, burns and insect bites, as well as after tattooing or shaving, where it relieves itching and redness and supports healing without the risk of irritation.

A study published in the Journal of Dermatological Treatment (2011) showed that a gel containing 5 % D-panthenol applied twice daily to dry, itchy skin significantly improved hydration by 20 % and reduced itching by 30 % after just 7 days compared with a placebo (Ebner et al., 2011). Another study in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2002) reported that 2 % panthenol in a cream strengthened the skin barrier, increased ceramide levels and reduced transepidermal water loss by 25 % after 4 weeks in individuals with atopic eczema (Proksch et al., 2002).

Fermented Alteromonas algae is obtained through a biotechnological process from marine microorganisms of the genus Alteromonas, which occur naturally in marine ecosystems. It is a biological extract produced by fermentation, which yields highly concentrated polysaccharides and bioactive peptides without chemical synthesis. This naturally derived ingredient meets the strict COSMOS certification standards, which require at least 95 % natural raw materials and environmentally friendly production processes. Dulcia natural uses a high-quality Alteromonas algae extract that meets the most stringent COSMOS certification requirements, a prestigious global certification for natural and organic cosmetics.

With regular use, this ingredient helps tighten collagen fibres in the skin, visibly plumping and softening wrinkles with an immediate effect. It smooths the skin, evens out its texture and reduces roughness just 15 minutes after application. It stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis. Its mechanism of action involves restoring the skin barrier by strengthening the collagen network, providing antioxidant protection against free radicals and moisturising by binding water in the deeper layers of the epidermis. At concentrations of 1-3 %, it shows significant tightening effects, as confirmed by clinical tests.

We particularly recommend it for mature skin with visible wrinkles, dry and dehydrated skin that is losing elasticity, and sensitive skin prone to roughness. It is ideal for women over 35 looking for immediate smoothing and long-term prevention of skin ageing. It is also suitable for restoring the skin barrier after summer sun exposure.

A clinical study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science (2018) showed that applying Alteromonas ferment extract at a concentration of 2 % led to a 25 % reduction in wrinkle depth and an 18 % increase in skin elasticity after 28 days of use in 30 female volunteers aged 40-55. Further research in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2020) confirmed a 35 % increase in collagen synthesis in vitro in human fibroblasts.

Gatuline® In-Tense is an oil extract obtained from the flowers of Acmella Spilanthes, an endemic plant native to South Africa and the Mascarene Islands. It is a natural extract produced by extracting bioactive compounds from the plant’s flowers by dissolving them in liquid fatty esters (Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride). This ingredient is not synthetic, but comes from a traditional plant source certified to ECOCERT and COSMOS standards. Acmella Spilanthes has long been known in traditional medicine and cosmetics for its regenerating and firming properties.

Gatuline® In-Tense acts as a natural lifting agent, targeting deep renewal of the dermal structure. Its main mechanism is to stimulate fibroblast activity in the extracellular matrix, supporting collagen fibre synthesis and increasing the skin’s mechanical strength. The ingredient acts as an adaptogen, restoring and strengthening the skin’s natural barrier. It works without exfoliating, instead directly stimulating regeneration processes at a cellular level. Clinical studies have confirmed that this ingredient effectively reduces the appearance of wrinkles on the face, neck and décolletage, while making the skin visibly firmer and more toned.

Gatuline® In-Tense is ideal for mature skin showing signs of photoageing, as well as skin with reduced elasticity, wrinkles and loss of tone. It is recommended for dehydrated skin in need of deep regeneration, as well as all skin types in later life. It is particularly suitable for those seeking a natural way to restore firmness without invasive procedures. The ingredient is also suitable for sensitive skin thanks to its gentle, natural components.

Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of this active ingredient: studies on the skin of the face and neck recorded a reduction in the visibility of wrinkles and an improvement in the skin’s biomechanical properties. Gatuline® In-Tense stimulates collagen production and promotes regeneration processes in the dermal layer. Several researchers confirm that Acmella Spilanthes extracts contain bioactive alkaloid compounds that directly stimulate fibroblasts and support increased production of the extracellular matrix. These effects result in visibly firmer facial contours and fewer wrinkles with regular use.

A derivative of deoxyribonucleic acid obtained from natural sources and used mainly in skincare. This substance supports cell regeneration, improves hydration and helps restore skin elasticity. In cosmetic products, it acts as an effective anti-ageing ingredient that supports a healthy, revitalised complexion. It is obtained through bioregenerative processes from plant or animal sources, such as salmon gonads or plant cells, or as a bio-extract by freeze-drying DNA from natural materials. This process preserves its biological activity and allows it to be widely used in modern formulations. Thanks to its structural properties, it supports cell communication and repair, making it ideal for advanced cosmetics focused on long-term revitalisation.

Sodium DNA acts as a powerful moisturising agent by binding water in the deeper layers of the skin and improving hydration by up to 200 % compared with conventional humectants. It restores the skin barrier by stimulating collagen and elastin synthesis, increasing firmness and elasticity. As an antioxidant, it neutralises free radicals, protects against oxidative stress and slows ageing. It supports cell regeneration by accelerating cell division and the repair of DNA damaged by UV radiation or pollution. At concentrations of 0,1 to 1 % in serums or creams, it significantly improves the appearance of the skin without irritation, ideally in combination with peptides or hyaluronan.

It is particularly recommended for dry, dehydrated, mature and sensitive skin, where it effectively combats the loss of elasticity and hydration. It is also suitable for skin after a peel or skin exposed to environmental stressors such as pollution or sunlight. For oily or acne-prone skin, it is beneficial in lightweight gel formulations, where it soothes inflammation without clogging pores. It is particularly suitable for women over 30 looking to prevent wrinkles and improve facial contours.

A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science (2018) showed that Sodium DNA at a concentration of 0,5 % increased skin hydration by 68 % and reduced wrinkle depth by 25 % after 4 weeks of application in women with mature skin. Further research in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2021) confirmed that, at a concentration of 0,2 %, it stimulated collagen production by 40 % in vitro in fibroblast cells, supporting renewal of the dermal matrix.

This peptide solution contains an anti-wrinkle octapeptide that reduces expression lines through a mechanism of action similar to botulinum toxin. It consists of 8 amino acids and an octapeptide that reduces the appearance of wrinkles and expression lines. Its water-binding properties help hydrate and smooth the skin. It reduces the depth of wrinkles caused by facial muscle contractions, particularly on the forehead and around the eyes. When applied topically, this remarkable peptide delivers results comparable to botulinum toxin injections. It relaxes expression lines around the mouth, nose, eyes and eyebrows. A highly effective ingredient for restoring a youthful appearance to your face. It is an excellent alternative to botulinum toxin, helping to reduce wrinkle depth and soften expression lines for a smoother, fresher-looking face. This synthetic peptide is produced using biotechnology. It is not extracted from natural plants, but designed based on an amino acid sequence for maximum efficacy in cosmetics.

Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting the formation of the SNARE complex, which is essential for the release of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contractions. This blocks signals from the nerves to the facial muscles, keeping them relaxed and preventing contractions, which smooths wrinkles. It has moisturising properties thanks to its ability to bind water, and soothes irritated skin. The recommended concentration in cosmetic formulations is 1-10 %, with studies showing optimal results at 3-5 %.

It is particularly recommended for mature skin with visible expression lines, and for dry and dehydrated skin, where it supports hydration and elasticity. It is also suitable for sensitive skin around the eyes and mouth, where it minimises expression lines without invasive treatment. Ideal for people seeking non-surgical ways to prevent skin ageing, including men and women aged 30 and over with the first signs of expression lines.

A clinical study involving 17 volunteers showed that applying a 10 % solution twice daily for 28 days led to a 63 % reduction in the depth of wrinkles around the eyes (International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2007). Further research confirmed that, at a concentration of 3 %, it reduces forehead wrinkles by 30 % in 30 days (Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2013). These data confirm its high efficacy without the side effects typically associated with injections.

Natural micas are obtained from raw ore found in the Earth's crust, particularly in regions such as India, Russia and Finland. These sheet silicate minerals, such as biotite, muscovite and fuchsite, occur naturally in rocks such as granite and marble. Production involves purification, heat treatment, grinding and sieving to create a fine powdered pigment suitable for natural cosmetics. To achieve a yellow shade, mica is coated with titanium dioxide and iron oxides (CI 77491), which determine the final effect on the skin. This 100% mineral material is safe, is not absorbed into the skin, does not enter the bloodstream and does not flake off the surface. It adheres to the skin in a thin layer, providing a natural-looking, long-lasting finish without drying the skin or clogging pores.

It works by optically brightening the skin and adding a radiant sheen, visually smoothing the skin's surface and concealing imperfections. It provides a silky, creamy feel, while its layered structure ensures better light distribution for a natural shimmering effect. It protects against ultraviolet and infrared radiation, acting as a physical barrier against sun damage. It has no moisturising, restorative or exfoliating properties, but helps visibly improve skin texture without irritation. Typical concentrations in cosmetics range from 1 to 10 %, depending on the desired effect, for example in face powders or eyeshadows.

It is recommended for all skin types, including dry, sensitive, oily, acne-prone, dehydrated and mature skin, as it is non-comedogenic and non-irritating. It is suitable for those seeking a natural make-up effect without weighing down the skin, particularly for everyday make-up or highlighters. It is ideal for sensitive skin thanks to its lack of absorption and low toxicity.

A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science (2018) showed that mica coated with titanium and iron oxides at a concentration of 5 % improved the skin's optical evenness by 28 % after 4 weeks of use in a face powder, measured spectrophotometrically on 30 volunteers. Further research in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2021) reports that mica pigments reduce the visibility of fine lines by 15-20 % through light reflection, without changes in hydration.

The hydrolysed form of hyaluronic acid with a very low molecular weight of 5 kDa is obtained through modern microbial fermentation using non-pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus sp. or Escherichia coli, ensuring high purity and safety without animal-derived materials. This biologically extracted ingredient naturally resembles the hyaluronan found in the human body, where it forms part of the synovial fluid and extracellular matrix. Hyaluronic acid was first isolated in 1934 from the fluid inside a cow's eye, but biotechnological production is now preferred as it offers a range of molecular weights and better compatibility with the skin.

The hydrolysed form of hyaluronic acid with a very low molecular weight of 5 kDA provides long-lasting skin hydration, restores the skin barrier and stimulates the skin's own production of hyaluronic acid. It acts as an antioxidant to protect the extracellular matrix, soothes irritation, reduces inflammatory processes and supports the formation of new blood vessels to improve tissue nourishment. Thanks to its low molecular weight, it penetrates deep into the skin, improves elasticity and reduces wrinkles. IN VIVO studies have shown: a 51% reduction in wrinkles, a 31% reduction in inflammatory processes in the skin and reduced redness, and a 29% increase in the skin's own production of hyaluronic acid. Further benefits: improved skin elasticity and reduced wrinkles, support for the formation of new blood vessels to nourish the skin, stimulation of the skin's own hyaluronic acid production, soothing effects, long-lasting hydration and an improved skin barrier, protection of the extracellular matrix, and relief for irritated skin.

This ingredient is ideal for dry, dehydrated, sensitive, mature and acne-prone skin, supporting hydration without weighing it down. It is recommended for people with wrinkles, loss of elasticity or irritation, including those with oily skin prone to dehydration. Suitable for all age groups concerned with ageing or environmental damage.

An IN VIVO study on OligoHyaferre demonstrated a 51% reduction in wrinkles, a 31% reduction in inflammatory processes and redness, and a 29% increase in the skin's own production of hyaluronic acid (Dulcia Natural, clinical tests). Another study confirms that low-molecular-weight hydrolysed sodium hyaluronate stimulates fibroblasts to synthesise endogenous HA and proteoglycans, improving the skin's viscoelastic properties (Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, viscosupplementation effects).

This naturally derived polysaccharide is produced by fermenting sugars with a filamentous fungus. Once fermentation is complete, the resulting substance is separated, purified and dried into a fine powder. In cosmetics, it offers a plant-based alternative to certain synthetic thickeners and is valued for its smooth, soft texture without a noticeably sticky feel.

In a formula, it acts primarily as a thickener, stabiliser and suspending agent. When hydrated in water, it forms a three-dimensional network that increases the viscosity of a gel or emulsion. It helps keep oil droplets, pigments and fine powder particles evenly dispersed and reduces settling. It improves spreadability and can leave a delicate film on the skin, helping it feel comfortable and indirectly helping to slow water evaporation. However, it is not a hydrating or anti-inflammatory active ingredient in its own right. In cosmetic formulations, it is commonly used at concentrations of approximately 0,1 to 2 per cent, depending on the desired consistency.

It is suitable for gels, serums, creams, emulsions, sunscreens and gentle cleansing products. It works well in products for dry, dehydrated, sensitive and mature skin, where it helps create a soft, protective texture. It can also be used for oily or acne-prone skin, as it allows lightweight gel formulations to be made without large amounts of oil. However, suitability for any particular skin type always depends on the product's full formulation.

A study of scleroglucan hydrogels prepared at a concentration of 2 per cent showed that the systems had firm, elastic properties. Two networks tested achieved elastic moduli of 113 and 161 Pa, with smaller pores measuring 7 micrometres associated with greater gel strength. At a concentration of 2 grams per litre, the emulsifying capacity with a model oil reached 56 to 60 per cent (International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2007). The results primarily confirm its ability to form a stable gel structure, keep particles in suspension and support emulsion stability.

During manufacture, it hydrates best directly in the water phase with consistent stirring. The powder should be added gradually to avoid lumps. The final viscosity depends on the concentration, pH, electrolyte content, other polymers and the mixing method. Stability must therefore be checked in the complete formulation before use in production.