Creamy Deodorant - Bergamot & Cedarwood

Bicarbonate of soda was known as far back as ancient Egypt, around 3500 BC, where it was used in the form of natron, a natural mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, mainly for mummifying the dead. Over time, its beneficial effects on the stomach, as well as on the body and health in general, became recognised. It is mainly manufactured from natural materials using the Solvay process, although it also occurs naturally and is produced by the body during breathing and digestion. Bicarbonate of soda has excellent skin-cleansing properties. It reduces inflammation and removes dead skin cells. It is great for tackling blackheads, as it can thoroughly cleanse pores. Above all, bicarbonate of soda is excellent at removing oil, sweat and dead skin. It is an entirely natural substance with no synthetic additives, gentle on both people and the environment.

It is known that, when bathing or showering, our bodies absorb a small but significant amount of water through the pores. Water combined with bicarbonate of soda, which is alkaline, can effectively help counter excess acidity in the body from the outside. Thanks to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, bicarbonate of soda removes underarm body odour as well as odours associated with fungal infections. Its chemical composition allows it to react with odour molecules and neutralise them on contact, tackling not only odour but also moisture.

It acts as a mild abrasive that mechanically exfoliates dead skin cells, clears clogged pores and removes excess sebum. Its alkaline nature helps regulate the skin's pH, neutralise acids and reduce inflammation. For gentle cleansing without irritation, a concentration of around 10-20 % is recommended in exfoliating pastes mixed with water or oil. It absorbs impurities and sweat, helping to restore the skin's balance. A study in the Journal of Clinical Dentistry showed that toothpaste containing 40-65 % bicarbonate of soda removed significantly more plaque and surface stains than toothpaste without it after 4 weeks of use. Further research confirmed that bicarbonate of soda at a concentration of 5 % in exfoliating formulations reduces the number of blackheads by 25 % in 2 weeks.

It is particularly recommended for oily, acne-prone skin with blackheads and clogged pores, where it effectively controls sebum and cleanses the skin. It is also suitable for regular exfoliation of normal skin, but those with dry or sensitive skin should avoid it, as frequent use can disrupt the skin barrier and cause irritation or dryness. For mature skin, it is useful at low concentrations for gentle smoothing, but should always be combined with hydrating ingredients. Do not use daily; ideally, use in scrubs 1-2x a week.

Corn starch is one of the most common kitchen ingredients, but it is also excellent for use in cosmetics. Our corn starch is unmodified, pure and organic. Corn starch can eliminate odour and draw moisture from the skin, making it an excellent active ingredient in deodorants. It has a cool, silky texture and can soothe burning sensations and redness. Corn starch draws moisture from the skin, binding toxins trapped in it, which makes it suitable for soothing baths and external skin detoxification. It is made from maize, a naturally grown plant, and our product is obtained from organic sources without chemical modification, ensuring purity and safety for the skin.

Corn starch is an excellent absorbent, soaking up excess sebum, sweat and moisture from the skin to leave a matte finish and reduce greasiness. It has soothing properties, relieves irritation, redness and itching, and supports skin cell regeneration thanks to its content of vitamins A, B1, B2, C and minerals such as zinc, calcium and iron. It refines skin texture, leaves a silky feel and acts as a gentle exfoliant to remove dead skin cells. At concentrations of 5-15 % in powders, it mattifies the skin and improves adhesion; at up to 2 %, it thickens emulsions and stabilises formulations.

It is particularly recommended for oily, acne-prone, sensitive and irritated skin, where it absorbs excess sebum, cleanses pores and helps prevent spots. It is also suitable for dry and dehydrated skin when combined with moisturising ingredients, for mature skin to soften wrinkles, and for children with nappy rash. In deodorants and powders, it is ideal for all skin types prone to sweating.

A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science (2015) showed that corn starch at a concentration of 10 % in topical formulations reduced sebum production by 25 % after 4 weeks of application in people with oily skin. Further research in the International Journal of Dermatology (2018) confirmed that pastes containing 20 % corn starch reduced itching and inflammation associated with skin rashes by 40 % within 48 hours compared with a placebo.

Virgin coconut oil is obtained from the flesh of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). Its unique properties make it one of the oils with a very wide range of external uses. A characteristic feature is its solid consistency, which becomes liquid at around 24 °C. It is a source of vitamins A, C and E. Virgin coconut oil is made up of acids known as natural antibiotics. It contains beneficial fatty acids, particularly lauric acid, which accounts for almost 50 %. This acid is also found in breast milk, where it serves as an easily digestible component and helps protect the developing immune system against viruses and infections. Lauric acid has natural antiviral properties. Other acids found in the oil help destroy yeasts, fungi and viruses by disrupting their membranes. They are then easily neutralised by white blood cells. The oil is obtained by mechanically pressing fresh coconut flesh, using methods such as wet milling or quick drying, which preserve its natural properties and delicate coconut aroma.

Coconut oil is an excellent emollient that moisturises the skin by forming a protective layer to prevent water loss, restores the skin barrier and acts as an antioxidant against free radicals. It has antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties thanks to its high concentration of lauric acid (up to 50 %), which disrupts the membranes of pathogens. It soothes irritation, helps regenerate the skin and supports collagen production. It penetrates deeply into the skin and hair, softening them and protecting them against external factors such as UV radiation. At concentrations of 5-10 % in cosmetic formulations, it effectively hydrates and strengthens the barrier without clogging pores when used correctly.

It is particularly recommended for dry, sensitive, dehydrated and mature skin, providing intensive hydration and regeneration. It is suitable for skin irritated by shaving, sun exposure or eczema. It gives normal skin suppleness and radiance. It is not ideal for oily or acne-prone skin due to its higher comedogenic rating, although derivatives may be safer. It is also excellent for low-porosity hair, helping to reduce breakage and support growth.

A study published in the International Journal of Dermatology (2008) showed that applying virgin coconut oil to dry skin significantly improved hydration and reduced transepidermal water loss by 20-30 % compared with mineral oil after 2 weeks of use. Further research in the Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine (2017) confirmed that lauric acid from coconut oil inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus by 99 % at a concentration of 0,5-1 %.

It is made by gently pressing cocoa beans at low temperatures, preserving its natural stability and long shelf life. Deodorisation removes its characteristic scent using steam without chemicals, resulting in a neutral fat with a smooth consistency. It is used in natural cosmetics to make lip balms, creams and body butters. Its high fatty acid content supports the skin’s natural defences and provides nourishment. It is stable at room temperature and melts only on contact with body heat, making it an ideal ingredient for heat-resistant deodorants.

It intensely moisturises the skin thanks to its high fatty acid content, which forms a protective barrier and prevents moisture loss. It restores the skin barrier by strengthening its natural protective layer against external factors. It has antioxidant properties thanks to polyphenols and vitamin E, which neutralise free radicals and protect against premature ageing. It soothes irritated skin, reduces inflammation and supports regeneration. In deodorants, it is used at high concentrations to create a firm yet soft texture that does not melt at temperatures up to 30 °C.

It is particularly recommended for dry, sensitive and dehydrated skin, providing intensive hydration and regeneration. It is suitable for mature skin to help combat ageing and loss of elasticity. It helps with eczema, irritation and acne scars by smoothing the skin’s surface. Caution is advised for acne-prone skin due to the potential for clogged pores, despite its anti-inflammatory properties. It is ideal for pregnant women to help prevent stretch marks. In lip balms and body butters, it is suitable for all skin types, especially those prone to cracking.

Cocoa butter at a concentration of 5 % in an emulsion significantly improved skin hydration by 25 % after 4 weeks of application (Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018). A study showed that polyphenols from cocoa butter inhibited 40 % of free radicals in keratinocytes, supporting antioxidant protection (Food Chemistry, 2015). With daily use of a 10 % formulation, mature skin’s elasticity increased by 15 % over 8 weeks (International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2020).

Grapeseed oil is obtained from the seeds of ripe grapes. It is highly valued for its mild, delicate taste and unique health benefits. Producing one litre of oil requires up to 50 kg of red grape seeds. The seeds have been shown to strengthen the immune system and effectively combat free radicals. The oil contains active substances such as fats, vitamins A, B, C, E and F, and omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 unsaturated fatty acids. Grape seeds have a range of valuable properties and contain a high concentration of vitamin E, which is widely known for its antioxidant properties. Thanks to its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (up to 76 % linoleic acid), the oil prevents inflammation. Grapeseed oil has the lowest saturated fatty acid content, contains no cholesterol or sodium, and is rich in flavonoids. Procyanidin has a strong antioxidant effect, similar to vitamins C and E, but is 20x more potent than vitamin C and 50x more potent than vitamin E. This natural oil is cold-pressed from grape seeds, preserving its bioactive compounds, including polyphenols with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It is a by-product of the wine industry, making it environmentally sustainable.

Grapeseed oil moisturises the skin thanks to its lightweight texture and essential fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (up to 76 %), which restores the skin barrier and prevents moisture loss. It acts as a powerful antioxidant thanks to its high content of vitamin E and proanthocyanidins, which neutralise free radicals and protect against oxidative stress. It has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, reduces redness and supports healing. It also strengthens collagen fibres, slows the breakdown of hyaluronic acid and improves skin elasticity. In cosmetics, it is recommended at concentrations of 5-20 % in emulsions, or as a few drops of pure oil. Unlike other oils, it can be heated to high temperatures without losing quality, which is an advantage in cosmetic production.

It is particularly recommended for oily, combination, acne-prone, sensitive, dehydrated and mature skin, as it absorbs quickly, does not clog pores and regulates sebum production. Its antibacterial properties make it ideal for problem skin with blemishes, eczema or rosacea. For mature skin, it supports an anti-ageing effect, smooths wrinkles and evens out skin tone. It is also suitable for dry skin, helping to restore the barrier without leaving a greasy film.

A study published in the Journal of Medicinal Food (2009) showed that taking grape seed extract orally at a dose of 194 mg daily significantly improved the symptoms of melasma (hyperpigmentation) after 60 days in women with dark skin. Further research in Phytotherapy Research (2011) showed that topical application of grapeseed oil at a concentration of 3 % increased collagen synthesis by 22 % in fibroblast cells after 7 days in vitro. These results confirm its effectiveness in protecting against UV damage and improving skin elasticity. Unlike other oils, grapeseed oil can be heated to high temperatures without losing its quality or value. It contains essential nutrients, such as vitamins and trace elements. B vitamins and minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium are the most abundant. The oil has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. It supplies the skin with vitamins and softens it, prevents premature ageing, smooths and protects the skin against the loss of natural moisture, soothes the skin and restores a feeling of comfort. It stimulates each skin cell's own defences, strengthens collagen fibres, has a lightweight texture and absorbs quickly. One of its exceptional properties is its ability to slow the breakdown of hyaluronic acid, which is responsible for maintaining the skin's necessary moisture levels. Grapeseed oil is excellent and particularly suitable for combination, oily and problem skin.

Beeswax is a natural product made by bees and contains more than 280 active substances: hydrocarbons, fatty acid alkyl esters, free acids and proteins. Beeswax is rich in vitamin A, with just 100 grams of wax containing 4 096 units of vitamin A. Vitamin A is important for the growth and renewal of certain skin tissues. It is a pure, uncontaminated, organic-quality product that retains its healing properties. It has hydrophobic properties, is insoluble in water and resistant to acids, making it ideal for creating protective layers. In addition to natural beeswax, synthetic versions are available that mimic its structure using fatty acids and alcohols to provide a stable consistency in cosmetics.

It helps maintain skin moisture by hydrating the skin and restoring its barrier, forming a protective film that minimises transepidermal water loss. A lack of it can cause dry skin, loss of elasticity and itching. It has antioxidant effects thanks to flavonoids and carotenoids, as well as antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties due to chrysin and squalene. It soothes irritated skin and supports regeneration. It stimulates circulation, softens the skin and combats fine lines. In cosmetics, it is used at concentrations of 1-5 % as a consistency regulator and emulsifier, typically in balms and creams.

It is particularly recommended for dry, sensitive, cracked and dehydrated skin, as well as for atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema and nappy rash. It is suitable for mature skin to help prevent ageing, and for acne-prone skin thanks to its non-comedogenic properties and antiseptic action. It is ideal for children and allergy sufferers looking for natural ingredients that do not clog pores. Avoid use if you have a confirmed allergy to bee products.

A 2001 study showed that a mixture of honey, beeswax, olive oil and vinegar, at a concentration of 30 g of wax per 100 g of mixture, applied three times a day for 4 weeks, significantly improved itching and fungal skin infections in 30 patients with non-specific dermatitis (Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2001). Further research from 2014 demonstrated that beeswax reduced pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, with significant improvement in 23 patients from week 2 (a study involving 30 patients).

It is produced by burning zinc vapour in a stream of air. When exposed to air, it absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide and turns into zinc oxide. Zinc is a soft metal with a low melting point. It has been used since the Middle Ages, and its presence in the diet is essential for the proper development of the body. It is relatively abundant in the Earth's crust, with an average content of approximately 100 mg/kg. Its concentration in seawater is also quite high – 0,01 milligrams per litre. The main zinc mineral is zincite. An odourless white powder with the chemical formula ZnO, it may look unassuming, but it has a wide range of uses in natural cosmetics. It is an active ingredient in deodorants and an antiseptic, antibacterial protective agent for acne or irritation on babies' bottoms or feet. Zinc has antibacterial properties, reduces inflammation and can curb the excessive sebum production that causes acne. In deodorants, it absorbs excess moisture, but most importantly, its antibacterial action prevents bacteria from breaking down and multiplying, and from breaking down sweat, which is the main cause of odour. Zinc oxide does not penetrate the skin; it stays on the surface, forming a protective barrier.

Zinc oxide restores the skin barrier by forming a physical protective layer on the skin's surface, preventing harmful substances and UV radiation from penetrating. It acts as a broad-spectrum mineral UV filter, reflecting both UVA and UVB rays like a mirror to provide photostable protection without losing effectiveness. It has antibacterial properties, binding to proteins in the cell membranes of bacteria such as staphylococci and E. coli and disrupting their permeability. It soothes inflammation, supports wound healing and absorbs excess moisture. In deodorants, it regulates sebum production and suppresses odour. Recommended concentrations: 2-10 % in emulsions, 1-60 % in mineral cosmetics, typically 15-25 % in sunscreens for SPF protection.

It is recommended for sensitive, dry, oily, acne-prone, dehydrated and mature skin. It is ideal for children with nappy rash, people with atopic eczema, and acne-prone skin to reduce inflammation and excess sebum production. It is suitable for people with sensitive skin looking for natural UV protection without chemical filters, including pregnant women and allergy sufferers. In mineral make-up, it mattifies the skin and covers imperfections. Avoid nanoparticles due to potential risks; opt for microparticles that do not leave a white cast.

A study by Dunford et al. (1997) showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles generate reactive oxygen species under UV radiation, damaging the DNA of skin cells. A study by Sharma et al. (2009) confirmed that ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles react with UV radiation and cause damage to skin cells. An official study of ALPHANOVA products demonstrated that mineral filters, including ZnO, remain on the skin's surface and do not penetrate the barrier.

100 % natural vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant containing a blend of alpha, beta, gamma and delta tocopherols. Vitamin E helps protect the skin from UV damage and improves skin texture and moisture levels. Our natural vitamin E contains no chemicals or solvents. Vitamin E supports the skin’s defences and fights the signs of skin ageing – it can improve texture, smooth the skin, increase elasticity, reduce wrinkles and help prevent age spots. It is derived from plant oils such as wheat germ, sunflower and hazelnut oils, in which it naturally occurs at high concentrations, for example 149 mg per 100 g in wheat germ oil. It is a purely natural organic extract with no synthetic additives, retaining its full biological activity.

It renews cells, boosts circulation in the skin and helps retain water in the upper layers of the skin. This vitamin has a very beneficial effect on overall skin vitality, helps with various forms of inflammation and damage, and contributes to scar healing. Vitamin E is the best natural antioxidant. It neutralises free radicals in the skin, slowing the ageing process and reducing fine lines. This vitamin is particularly suitable for use during summer, as it protects the skin from the effects of UV radiation. It works by neutralising free radicals, restoring the skin barrier, providing deep hydration by binding moisture in the stratum corneum and strengthening the protective barrier, offering antioxidant protection against UV and pollution, and soothing inflammation through its anti-inflammatory action. At concentrations of 0,5-5 % in cosmetics, it significantly improves hydration and elasticity.

It is recommended for dry, sensitive, mature and dehydrated skin, as well as skin exposed to environmental stress, sunlight or ageing. It is ideal for those seeking natural protection against wrinkles, pigmentation spots and loss of elasticity, including those with acne-prone skin and scarring, thanks to its healing properties.

A study by Gensler et al. showed that applying d-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate to the skin reduces lipid peroxide formation and oxidative stress, protecting skin cells from damage and providing photoprotective effects. Further research confirms that vitamin E combined with vitamin C increases protection against UVA radiation and supports collagen production. These findings highlight its effectiveness at concentrations commonly used in cosmetics.

The extract contains antiseptic, antibacterial, disinfectant and fungicidal substances, as well as a high level of bioflavonoids. These active ingredients may contribute to the microbial balance of the body's organs and tissues. Grapefruit seed extract is highly effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens and is very effective at preventing putrefaction. Various types of bacteria, viruses, moulds and yeasts are recognised as contributing factors in a range of illnesses, including skin conditions. Grapefruit seed extract is effective at killing bacteria and pathogens and slowing their growth. Our grapefruit seed extract is completely free from contamination with parabens or triclosan. It is produced by grinding grapefruit seeds and pulp without synthetic agents, then mixing them with glycerine, ensuring natural purity and a high content of bioflavonoids such as naringin.

Its action is primarily based on strong antimicrobial properties, including antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects, which restore the skin's microbial balance. It also soothes irritated skin, disinfects and supports regeneration. As an antioxidant, it protects cells from free radicals thanks to its bioflavonoids and vitamins C and B. In cosmetics, it is used at concentrations of around 60 % extract in glycerine, for example 3 drops in 50 ml of water for topical application, allowing effective cleansing without drying out the skin.

It is particularly recommended for problem skin affected by acne, inflammation, itching, eczema or dandruff. It is ideal for sensitive, oily and acne-prone skin, where it helps control microbes and reduce redness. It is also suitable for dehydrated or irritated skin following grazes, insect bites or burns, as it supports healing without chemical preservatives.

A study published in the Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine demonstrated that grapefruit seed extract is highly effective at stopping the growth of yeasts and moulds, including Candida albicans, Geotrichum, Aspergillus and Penicillium sp., confirming its antifungal properties. Further research showed that it inhibits up to 800 bacterial and viral strains and 100 species of mould, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella.

It is obtained by steam distillation from the bark of the reddish-brown wood of the Atlas cedar – a majestic evergreen conifer that grows to a height of 40 – 50 metres. Its name comes from a Semitic root meaning “strength” or “power”, an apt description of this imposing tree. It grows mainly in the mountainous regions of North Africa, such as the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, where it adapts to the harsh conditions of a dry climate and poor soils. This **organic extract** is obtained exclusively from natural sources without synthetic intervention, preserving its full range of active compounds, including sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes, which contribute to its characteristic properties. It has a distinctive woody scent with a subtle camphor note. Its warm, balsamic aroma helps us draw on strength and wisdom. In cosmetics, it is used as a concentrated essential oil that requires careful dosing due to its high potency.

Cedar essential oil is valued for its **soothing, cleansing and antiseptic properties**, which help strengthen the skin overall. It works through its **antibacterial and antifungal action**, which eliminates acne-causing pathogens, as well as its **astringent effect**, which tightens pores and regulates sebum production. It **soothes irritation**, reduces inflammation and supports skin barrier regeneration by stimulating collagen production and improving microcirculation. It also has **antioxidant properties** thanks to its polyphenol content, which protects against free radicals. In cosmetics, concentrations of 0,5 – 2 % in emulsions or 0,1 – 0,5 % in hydrosols are recommended for optimal results without irritation.

It is particularly recommended for **oily, blemish-prone and acne-prone skin**, where it effectively tackles spots and inflammation. It is also ideal for **sensitive and irritated skin** after shaving or hair removal, as well as for **mature skin** showing signs of sagging, where it tones and firms the muscles. Suitable for men and women prone to ingrown hairs, or for dehydrated skin in need of deep cleansing. It is not recommended for very dry skin without moisturisers.

A study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2014) showed that **Cedrus atlantica oil at a concentration of 1 % inhibits the growth of Propionibacterium acnes by 68 % in vitro**, confirming its effectiveness against acne. Further research in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2009) reports that **applying a 2 % solution to the skin reduces sebum production by 25 % after 4 weeks** in individuals with oily skin. These data support its clinical use in dermatology.

It is a tropical shrub that grows to around 1,2 m tall. It produces white and purple flowers used to make a fragrant essential oil. The oil is obtained by steam distillation of the leaves and shoots, which are hand-picked and dried for three days. It originates from tropical Asia, where it was traditionally used to protect textiles from pests and in medicine to treat wounds and snake bites. The leaves are often fermented before processing, contributing to its characteristic earthy scent and rich content of sesquiterpenes such as patchoulol and bulnesene, which give it strong antiseptic properties. In modern cosmetics, it is valued as a natural extract free from synthetic additives that supports skin regeneration.

It works through anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects that soothe irritated skin and support healing. It restores the skin barrier by stimulating cell regeneration, reduces swelling and helps prevent scarring. It also has astringent properties that tighten pores, as well as mild exfoliating effects through its antimicrobial action. In aromatherapy, it has an antidepressant effect, improves concentration and eases stress. The recommended concentration in cosmetics is 0,5-2 %, based on studies in which patchouli oil at a concentration of 1 % significantly reduced inflammatory markers in mice with irritated skin (Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010).

It is particularly recommended for dry, sensitive, cracked, eczema-prone and acne-prone skin, where it hydrates, softens flaky patches and fights bacteria. It is also suitable for mature skin with wrinkles, as it supports elasticity and slows ageing, as well as for dehydrated skin after hair removal or shaving. It is not recommended in undiluted form for children under 6 years of age or during pregnancy due to its strong scent. It is ideal for problem skin affected by psoriasis, ringworm or fungal infections, where it speeds up healing.

A study published through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) confirms the antibacterial effects of patchouli oil: a concentration of 0,1 % inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus by 99 % and Candida albicans by 95 % within 24 hours (Phytotherapy Research, 2008). Further research in the Journal of Natural Medicines (2015) showed that patchouli sesquiterpenes in a 2 % solution reduced the expression of the inflammatory factor TNF-α by 68 % in human keratinocyte cell cultures, thereby supporting the healing of skin inflammation.

Grapefruit essential oil comes from the peel of the fruit of Citrus paradisi, a subtropical plant created by crossing an orange with a pomelo. The oil is produced by cold extraction of terpenes from the peel, followed by steam distillation to separate it from the carrier oil. This natural extract contains more than 90 per cent of the terpene d-limonene, along with alpha-pinene, myrcene and beta-carotene. Grapefruit oil is a 100 per cent natural product characterised by an intense, pleasantly fresh, bitter scent reminiscent of lemon and bitter orange. Grapefruit extracts are rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, which support overall health.

Grapefruit essential oil acts on the skin in several ways. Its antiseptic and antimicrobial properties help combat bacterial strains and prevent infections. Limonene, the main component of the oil, helps lower blood pressure and improve overall health. The oil stimulates the lymphatic system and supports metabolism, helping the body eliminate toxins, and has a diuretic effect. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties help reduce swelling and combat oxidative stress. Inhaling grapefruit oil offers neuroprotective benefits and may improve cognitive function. The oil also relieves physical and mental exhaustion and effectively reduces feelings of anxiety and depression.

Grapefruit essential oil is particularly recommended for acne-prone, oily and problem skin. Its antibacterial properties help combat acne and other skin infections, including eczema and psoriasis. Its detoxifying properties make it ideal for mature and dehydrated skin in need of cleansing and renewal. The oil is also effective in treating cellulite and water retention in tissues. For hair, it is particularly beneficial thanks to its ability to stimulate growth and improve the healthy appearance of the hair fibre. Research has shown that d-limonene in grapefruit oil has significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that effectively combat various pathogenic bacteria and oxidative stress in the body. People with dermatitis and sensitive skin also find the oil suitable thanks to its gentle regenerating effects.

Bergamot is a tree that grows up to 10 metres tall, originating in Morocco but mainly cultivated in Italy. It was named after the town of Bergamo in Lombardy. The oil is obtained by steam distillation of the rind (peel) of bergamot fruit. Bergamot is a citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow colour like a lemon. Its scent is sweet, fruity, fresh and citrusy, with a light floral note. Its botanical origin is not entirely clear; it is considered a hybrid of bitter orange and lemon, or a mutation of lemon. Its roots can be traced to South-East Asia, and it reached Italy in the 18th century, particularly Calabria, where around 100 tonnes are produced each year. The fruit is harvested by hand from November to January because it is delicate. The essential oil is 100% natural, obtained by steam distillation rather than synthetically produced, and organic versions from organic cultivation are available.

The essential oil has strong antiseptic properties and helps treat skin conditions, acne, eczema and psoriasis. Bergamot has antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties and effectively combats fungi. It is particularly suitable for oily skin, acne and cold sores. It is an excellent fragrance ingredient for natural perfumes or deodorants. Its action involves antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties provided by components such as limonene, linalyl acetate and linalool, which destroy bacteria and fungi and regulate sebum. It soothes irritated skin, supports wound healing, cleanses pores and regulates sebum production. It is used at concentrations of 1-3% in carrier oils or facial toners for safe application to avoid photosensitivity.

We recommend it for oily, acne-prone and blemish-prone skin with spots, blackheads or cysts, as well as sensitive skin with eczema, psoriasis or cold sores. It is suitable for cleansing and refreshing dehydrated skin, regenerating mature skin and brightening skin prone to dark spots. It is ideal for those looking for a natural antiseptic for homemade cosmetics, but not for sensitive skin exposed to the sun unless the FC F (furocoumarin-free) version is used.

A study published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology (2016) demonstrated that bergamot essential oil at a concentration of 0,5% inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria by more than 90% within 2 hours of exposure, confirming its antiseptic effects on skin infections. Further research in Phytotherapy Research (2018) showed that topical application of bergamot in a 1% solution reduced inflammatory markers in mice with psoriasis by 68% after 7 days. These data support its clinical use for skin conditions.