The skin microbiome – a new dimension in caring for skin health and beauty
THE SKIN MICROBIOME – A NEW DIMENSION IN CARING FOR SKIN HEALTH AND BEAUTY
Just like the gut, the skin has its own unique ecosystem. It consists of millions of bacteria, fungi and viruses that together form the skin microbiota. We have long known about the health benefits of maintaining a balanced gut microbiome. Yet skin bacteria are still generally seen as something unwanted that needs to be removed. This attitude began to change a few years ago. A growing body of research shows that the skin microbiome is key to improving skin health and appearance.
THE SKIN REFLECTS BODY AND SOUL
Dry and sensitive skin, redness, rashes, eczema, psoriasis, premature skin ageing, wrinkles, fine lines, blackheads, spots, acne and dandruff are all skin concerns that clinical studies link to microbial dysbiosis. This is caused by insufficient or excessive production of the ‘good’ bacteria that naturally form part of the skin. Another cause is the presence of transient pathogenic bacteria that disrupt an otherwise balanced skin microflora. Acne, for example, signals an imbalance caused by diet quality and stress. This in turn leads to an overgrowth of so-called commensal bacteria. The well-known American writer, doctor, herbalist and co-founder of the For the biome initiative, Paul Schulick, says: ‘Everything is interconnected and interacts with everything else. The skin, its microbiome and the way we live constantly influence one another.’
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SOCIETY’S OBSESSION WITH CLEANLINESS IS UNHEALTHY
The skin is the body’s largest organ. It acts as a living shield, protecting against external factors, infections, toxins and the loss of water and nutrients. Its surface consists of a layer of dead cells – the epidermis – which is also its most active area. This is where the skin microbiome is found.
This microbial component of the skin barrier protects against attacks by pathogens, influences and alters immune system responses, nourishes cells and naturally breaks down skin metabolites. It is a natural part of our body that we constantly expose to harmful influences and damage.
Alongside stress, an unhealthy lifestyle and poor emotional wellbeing, our obsession with cleanliness is a major source of damage. Excessive washing, cleansing, skin treatments and the use of unsuitable cosmetics damage and destroy a healthy, balanced microbiome.
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10 TIPS FOR MAINTAINING A BALANCED MICROBIOME
* Clean does not mean sterile
Cleansing is one of the essential steps in skincare. The products you use should not contain strong antibacterial ingredients such as alcohol, soap or triclosan. Focus on gentle cleansing. Quality skincare deeply cleanses the skin while protecting it. It removes harmful toxins, impurities and excess sebum, provides essential hydration and nourishment, and strengthens the skin barrier.
* Keep an eye on your skin’s pH
The skin’s normal pH is approximately 4.8. Readings below or above this level are too acidic or too alkaline, signalling an unbalanced microbiome.
* Limit time spent in hot water
Healthy skin bacteria thrive at around 25 degrees, the average temperature of human skin. Frequent, prolonged exposure to water that is too hot damages them.
* Exfoliate sensibly
Although exfoliation is an important part of skincare, doing it too often strips the skin of beneficial bacteria. It leaves the skin fragile and sensitive.
* Look after your gut microbiome
The condition of your gut microflora affects the condition of your skin. For example, inflammation in the gut causes skin inflammation.
* Less is more
The skin microbiome is a highly complex and sensitive environment. Do not overburden it with too many skincare products. Choose quality over quantity. Opt for a few effective, versatile products with a high concentration of active ingredients.
* Watch out for preservatives
Avoid products with a long shelf life. They contain preservatives that kill bacteria.
* Read product ingredient lists carefully
Alcohol, UV filters, fragrance ingredients and surfactants are among the ingredients that do not benefit the skin. Try to choose products containing as many proven natural ingredients as possible.
* Use products with probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics
Products containing probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics stimulate good bacteria and provide the skin with essential nourishment and protection.
* Keep learning
The skin microbiome is a new area that has not yet been fully explored. Every day, scientists share new findings that expand our knowledge and shape trends in the cosmetics industry.
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SKINCARE WITH PROBIOTICS IS NOT ENOUGH!
Everyone’s microbiome is unique. It is diverse and rich in prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics. Prebiotics act as a ‘fertiliser’ that supports the growth of beneficial microorganisms; probiotics are the microorganisms themselves; and postbiotics are bacterial by-products and fragments of dead cells that remain on the skin’s surface.
For the skin to function properly, it needs an optimal supply of all the types of biotic cultures naturally found within it. The most effective way to provide these is through a balanced diet and the right choice of skincare.
As Paul Schulick explains: ‘Probiotics are most effective when consumed in food. Prebiotics and postbiotics are the most effective at nourishing the skin microbiome. They should be part of a skincare routine that respects the individual needs of each microbiome.’