Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA 117 )

Polyvinyl alcohol (often referred to as PVA) is a synthetic polymer made from vinyl alcohol. It is not derived from plants; it is an entirely chemical product manufactured through a controlled process of polycondensation or hydrolysis of vinyl acetate. In cosmetic formulations, it is used in aqueous solutions or gels, often combined with natural ingredients such as aloe vera or clays for masks. PVA is not a biological extract, but it can be produced in versions labelled “hydrolysed PVA”, which refers to its chemical structure.

In cosmetics, Polyvinyl alcohol primarily acts as a film-forming agent on the skin’s surface, helping to prevent water loss and keep the skin hydrated and soft. It can also thicken products, adjusting their texture and making them easier to apply. In peel-off masks, PVA concentrations between 7 and 15 % (w/w) have been shown to significantly increase viscosity, reduce drying time and improve film adhesion, with no further significant improvement in film performance above a concentration of approximately 11 %. ([pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3581655/?utm_source=openai))

This polymer is particularly suitable for skin that lacks barrier protection and needs help retaining moisture, such as dry, dehydrated and sensitive skin. Slightly oily skin may tolerate it if the product is properly formulated and does not leave a heavy film behind. For acne-prone skin, PVA should not be combined with ingredients that clog pores or increase inflammation; PVA itself generally does not contribute to irritation, provided the product is not excessively concentrated.

The study “The Effects of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Microcrystalline Bacterial Cellulose Concentration on The Characteristics of Gel Peel-Off Mask” tested PVA concentrations in the range of 7-15 % in combination with microcrystalline bacterial cellulose. The optimal mask contained 13 % PVA and 10 % MCBC, providing good adhesion, suitable viscosity and a shorter drying time. ([scientific.net](https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1173.59?utm_source=openai)) Further research into PVA in “green clay and aloe vera” peel-off masks confirmed that PVA content strongly influences both film performance and the mask’s ability to adhere to the skin, with concentrations above ~10 % delivering the best results without undue adverse effects. ([sciencedirect.com](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022286020319062?utm_source=openai))